Analysis of Biomolecular Condensates in Immune Response

CD BioSciences is dedicated to the broad functional characterization of biomolecular condensates to develop a range of regulatory targets and approaches to provide new opportunities for drug development and clinical treatment of disease. Here, CD BioSciences offers professional services to analyze the function of biomolecular condensates in immune response for the development of drug targets.

Introduction

The immune response is a combination of physiological functions of the immune system, including antigen presentation, lymphocyte activation, immune molecule formation, and immune effects. The human immune system consists of innate and adaptive immunity, and T and B cells are the main cell types involved in adaptive immunity, which have a variety of specific and unique receptors. In contrast to adaptive immunity, innate immunity can be activated rapidly upon pathogen invasion and is the body's first line of defense against pathogen invasion. There is growing evidence that biomolecular condensates are directly related to immune signaling and immune regulation, including T-cell and B-cell immune signaling regulatory pathways.

Fig. 1. Phase separation and immune response. (Wang B, et al., 2021)

Customized Services

Biomolecular condensates formed by phase separation play an important role in the immune response and immune signaling, including T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathways are regulated by condensates. However, phase separation in the immune response is still in its infancy and more research is needed in the future. As one of the leading service providers of biomolecular condensates, CD BioSciences is committed to exploring the role of LLPS and condensates in immune responses, including mediating the formation of immunogenic condensates, activation of phagocytosis, and activation and regulation of innate immune signaling pathways.

We provide customized solutions to analyze the processes and downstream biological effects of biomolecular condensates that activate or participate in innate and adaptive immune processes.

• Analysis of the Function of Biomolecular Condensates in Innate Immunity

Innate immune signaling is triggered when cell surface or cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize exogenous pathogens and endogenous injury-related molecular patterns to initiate immune and inflammatory responses. We can analyze phase separation for many processes involved in innate immunity, including:

• Analysis of phase separation-mediated the formation of immunogenic condensates
  We do this primarily by inducing liquid phase separation of herpesviruses, adenoviruses, and viral phosphoproteins in vitro and by forming liquid-like condensates at superenhancer sites in vivo. In addition, we can use stress particles as informative platforms that can modulate stress responses and contribute to antiviral innate immune defenses.
• Analysis of phase separation-mediated phagocyte activation
  We provide macroplasmic vesicle reconstruction experiments in macrophages to analyze changes in the threshold at which macrophage lipid membranes undergo phase separation and the activation of the M1 and M2 states of macrophages.
• Analysis of phase separation in innate immune signaling pathways
  We provide specialized in vitro assays to analyze phase separation in the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway.

• Analysis of the Function of Biomolecular Condensates in Adaptive Immune Response

When pathogens break through the first line of defense formed by the innate immune system, T and B cells are activated to participate in the adaptive immune response, and receptors on the surface of immune cells and downstream signaling molecules form cohesions supported by phase separation, amplifying the immune cascade signal. We develop phase separation-associated modulators to mediate and participate in immune regulation. We can analyze phase separation for many processes involved in adaptive immunity, including:

• Analysis of phase separation-mediated T cell activation
  We work on the development of T cell activation targeting TCR and phase separation immunotherapies for tumor treatment strategies by inducing unique phase separation of giant vesicles in T cells in vitro.
• Analysis of phase separation-mediated B cell activation
  We can analyze the involvement of scaffold proteins SLP65, CIN85 and lipid vesicles in the activation of B cells through phase separation.

Our scientists are very interested in the field of phase separation involvement in immune response. Our services are designed to provide a useful new framework for understanding complex immune responses through molecular LLPS assembly of biomolecular condensates, but also to provide exciting new avenues for therapeutic intervention by regulating the formation of these immune response condensates. If you have any special requirements for our services, please feel free to contact us. We are looking forward to working together with your attractive projects.